Immigrant share of population
Immigrant residents

Immigrant spending power

Immigrant taxes paid

Data year

In the United States, immigrants are more likely to be working-age than their U.S.-born counterparts. This means they are more likely to be active in the labor force, allowing them to contribute to the economy not only as consumers but also as taxpayers, helping fund social services and programs like Medicare and Social Security.

Age Group Foreign-Born Population U.S.-Born Population
0-15
16-64
65+
Share of total population who are U.S.-born residents living with at least one immigrant parent

Share of immigrant women

Share of immigrant men

Number of immigrant children

Number of U.S.-born residents living with at least one immigrant parent

Share of Foreign-Born that are proficient in English

Top countries of origin for immigrants

It is hard to overstate the importance of entrepreneurship since new businesses are the main driver of job growth in the United States. Immigrants play a particularly important role in this—founding businesses at far higher rates than the U.S. population overall. Today, millions of American workers are employed at immigrant-founded and immigrant-owned companies.

Share of entrepreneurs who are immigrants

Immigrant entrepreneurs

Total business income of immigrant entrepreneurs

TAXES & SPENDING POWER

Immigrant households contribute hundreds of billions of dollars in federal, state, and local taxes and hold a tremendous amount of spending power. This gives them significant economic clout, helping support local communities as consumers and taxpayers. Like all residents of the United States, regardless of where they were born, immigrants make use of public services like education, healthcare, and public safety. Even with these costs, however, immigrants’ economic contributions far outweigh the cost of additional public services they incur.

Immigrant household income
Total spending power
State & Local Taxes Paid
Federal Taxes Paid
Total Taxes Paid
Immigrants’ contributions to Social Security
Immigrants’ contributions to Medicare

The growth in the immigrant population has helped to strengthen America’s labor force. As baby boomers retire, younger immigrants are filling crucial gaps in the labor market. Nationally, immigrants are more likely to hold an advanced degree than the U.S.-born. They are also more likely to have less than a high school education. As such, they are able to fill critical shortages at both ends of the skill spectrum, from high-tech positions to agriculture, hospitality, and service jobs.

Share of workers in the labor force who are immigrants

Number of immigrant workers in the labor force

Educational Attainment by Nativity, Age 25+

Education Level Foreign-Born Population U.S.-Born Population
Less Than High School
High School & Some College
Bachelor’s Degree
Graduate Degree

Share of College-Educated Workers Employed in Jobs That Don’t Require a College Degree

Foreign-Born Population U.S.-Born Population

TOP INDUSTRIES WITH HIGHEST SHARE OF IMMIGRANT WORKERS

IMMIGRANT SHARE OF POPULATION:

TOP OCCUPATIONS WITH HIGHEST SHARE OF IMMIGRANT WORKERS

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math

Jobs in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields are some of the most in-demand jobs in the U.S. economy. These jobs are also expected to experience some of the highest growth rates in the next decade, second only to healthcare jobs. While immigrants already play a huge part in maintaining the United States’ role as a leading innovator, immigrants will also be instrumental in helping high-tech industries meet their full potential as their needs for high-skilled STEM workers rapidly increases in the future.

Share of STEM workers who are immigrants

As millions of baby boomers become elderly, the U.S. healthcare system is facing unprecedented demand, adding jobs faster than any other segment of the economy. Many healthcare businesses and providers are struggling to find enough workers, and in some rural areas shortages are particularly acute. Immigrants have already been filling some of our most glaring healthcare needs. They are twice as likely as the U.S.-born to work as home health aides, and twice as likely to work as physicians and surgeons.

Immigrant families have long played an important role in helping to build housing wealth in the United States. In recent decades, the more than 40 million immigrants in the U.S. collectively increased U.S. housing wealth by trillions of dollars. Much of this was possible because immigrants moved into neighborhoods once in decline, thus helping to revitalize communities and make neighborhoods more attractive to U.S.-born residents.

Immigrant homeowners

Share of recent homebuyers who were foreign-born

Housing wealth held by immigrant households

Amount paid by immigrant-led households in rent

International Students

International students in the United States contribute tens of billions of dollars to the U.S. economy every year and support a significant number of U.S. jobs through their tuition payments and day-to-day spending. Research has also found that increases in the number of international students at American universities boost innovation and patent creation.

Students at Arizona colleges and universities who are international students

Economic contribution of international students

Jobs supported by international students

Naturalization & Voting Power

As more immigrants naturalize and become eligible to vote, they continue to gain political power. The number of immigrant voters is only projected to rise in the next decade, and in some states foreign-born voters are already capable of deciding elections.

Share of immigrants who are naturalized U.S. citizens

Number of immigrants who are eligible to vote

Number of immigrants who are naturalized U.S. citizens

Number of immigrants who are eligible for naturalization

Undocumented Immigrants

The presence of a significant number of undocumented immigrants in the United States, most of whom have lived in the country for more than five years, poses many legal and political challenges. But while politicians continue to debate what to do about illegal immigration, millions of undocumented immigrants are working across the country, contributing billions of dollars to the U.S. economy.

Share of undocumented immigrants who are working age

Number of undocumented immigrants

Undocumented entrepreneurs
Undocumented household income
Total spending power
State & Local Taxes Paid
Federal Taxes Paid
Total Taxes Paid
Number of U.S. citizens living with at least one undocumented family member
Share of U.S. citizens living with at least one undocumented family member
Number of U.S. citizen children living with at least one undocumented family member
Share of U.S. citizen children living with at least one undocumented family member
Number of U.S. citizen children living with at least one undocumented parent
Share of U.S. citizen children living with at least one undocumented parent

THE DACA-ELIGIBLE POPULATION

DACA-eligible people contribute billions of dollars to the U.S. economy. Removing the protections afforded to DACA recipients would likely upset local economies, communities, and schools, hurting employers and businesses that depend on these young immigrants as workers and customers.

Share of DACA-eligible population in labor force that is employed

Number of DACA-eligible residents

Number of DACA-eligible entrepreneurs
DACA-eligible household income
Total spending power
State & Local Taxes Paid
Federal Taxes Paid
Total Taxes Paid

Number of active DACA recipients

Number of people with DACA granted

Number of additional residents who would satisfy all but the educational requirements for DACA

Refugees living in the United States make tremendous contributions to our economy as earners, taxpayers, and consumers. Rather than a drain on communities, refugees, with their high employment rate and entreprenuerial spirit, actually sustain and strengthen their new hometowns.

Employment rate of likely refugees

Share of refugees who are naturalized U.S. citizens

Number of likely refugees

Number of refugee entrepreneurs

Total business income of refugee entrepreneurs
Refugee household income
Total spending power
State & Local Taxes Paid
Federal Taxes Paid
Total Taxes Paid

Temporary Protected Status Holders

Recipients of Temporary Protected Status (TPS) have made enormous contributions to various industries and paid a significant amount in federal, state, and local taxes in the United States. Forcing them to leave the country not only risks putting these individuals in danger, but also threatens to significantly disrupt local economies.

Share of TPS holders who are working age

Number of TPS holders

Employment rate of TPS holders
TPS household income
Total spending power
State & Local Taxes Paid
Federal Taxes Paid
Total Taxes Paid